Archive Animal Disease

Lameness   A disturbance in gait and locomotion in response to pain, anatomic disruption, or injury.   Pathophysiology Severe, sharp pain—limited limb movement during all phases of locomotion, little to no load bearing in motion or at rest. Milder, dull, ...

Gastroduodenal Ulceration/Erosion (GUE)   Ulcers are defects that extend completely through the mucosa; erosions only extend part way through the mucosa.   PATHOPHYSIOLOGY Gastroduodenal ulcers/erosions (GUE) result from various factors which damage or overwhelm normal gastric mucosal defense and repair ...

Gallbladder Mucocele   Gallbladder Mucocele is an accumulation of tenacious, thick, mucoid bile conglomerate in the gallbladder (GB), obstructing storage capacity and function. Inspissated biliary sludge expands the GB, leading to necrotizing cholecystitis. A canine syndrome, rare in cats.   ...

Gastritis, Atrophic   Atrophic Gastritis is characterized histologically by a focal or diffuse reduction in size and depth of gastric glands with associated inflammatory cells.   SIGNALMENT Variable, uncommon in young patients. A high prevalence in the Norwegian Lundehund (range ...

Ehrlichiosis (Anaplasma)   Ehrlichiosis (Anaplasma) is caused by Ehrlichia spp.—tick-borne rickettsial disease Dogs Within the family Anaplasmataceae—three pathogenic genera: Ehrlichia, Anaplasma, and Neorickettsia. Ehrlichia spp.—divided into three groups: (1) E. canis: ehrlichiosis found intracytoplasmically in circulating leukocytes; (2) E. ewingii: ...

Ectropion   Ectropion is an eversion or rolling out of the eyelid margin, resulting in exposure of the palpebral conjunctiva. Ophthalmic system (exposure and poor tear retention/distribution—may predispose patients to irritation, recurrent infections, and sight-threatening corneal disease).   SIGNALMENT Dogs, ...

Elbow Dysplasia   Elbow Dysplasia is a series of four developmental abnormalities that lead to malformation and degeneration of the elbow joint.   PATHOPHYSIOLOGY Four abnormalities—UAP, OCD, FMCP, and incongruity; alone or in combination; may be seen in one or ...

Ectopic Ureter Ectopic Ureter is a congenital anomaly of the urinary system. The ureteral orifice(s) is inappropriately positioned caudal to the bladder trigone (i.e., trigone, urethra, vagina, vestibule, uterus, or prostate), resulting in urinary incontinence. A common cause of urinary ...

Gastritis, Chronic Intermittent vomiting of > 1–2 weeks in duration secondary to gastric inflammation. The presence of gastric erosions or ulcers is dependent on the inciting cause and duration.   PATHOPHYSIOLOGY Chronic irritation of the gastric mucosa by chemical irritants, ...

Dystocia   Dystocia is difficult birth.   PATHOPHYSIOLOGY Dystocia may occur as a result of maternal or fetal factors and may occur during any stage of labor. Abnormal presentation, posture, and position; may be causal. Normal: anterior or posterior longitudinal, ...